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(BCE - Before the Common Era) |
| 17th-6th C. BCE | BIBLICAL TIMES |
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c. 17th century |
The Patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob - patriarchs of the Jewish People and bearers of a belief in one God - settle in the Land of Israel.
Famine forces Israelites to migrate to Egypt. |
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c. 13th century | Exodus from Egypt: Moses leads Israelites from Egypt, followed by 40 years of wandering in the desert.
The Torah, including the Ten Commandments, received at Mount Sinai. |
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13th-12th centuries | Israelites settle the Land of
Israel |
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c. 1020 | Jewish Monarchy established; Saul, first king. |
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c. 1000 | Jerusalem made capital of David's kingdom. |
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c. 960 | First Temple, the national and spiritual center of the Jewish People, built in Jerusalem by King Solomon. |
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c. 930 | Divided kingdom: Judah and Israel |
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722-720 | Israel crushed by Assyrians; 10 tribes exiled (Ten Lost Tribes). |
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586 | Judah conquered by Babylonia; Jerusalem and First Temple destroyed; most Jews exiled to Babylonia. |
| 536-142 | PERSIAN AND HELLENISTIC PERIODS |
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538-515 | Many Jews return from Babylonia; Temple rebuilt. |
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332 | Land conquered by Alexander the Great; Hellenistic rule. |
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166-160 | Maccabean (Hasmonean) revolt against restrictions on practice of Judaism and desecration of the Temple |
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142-129 | Jewish autonomy under Hasmoneans. |
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129-63 | Jewish independence under Hasmonean monarchy. |
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63 | Jerusalem captured by Roman general, Pompey. |
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63 BCE-313 CE | ROMAN RULE |
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(CE - The Common Era) |
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37 BCE - 4 CE | Herod, Roman vassal king, rules the Land of Israel; Temple in Jerusalem refurbished |
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66 | Jewish revolt against the Romans |
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70 | Destruction of Jerusalem and Second Temple. |
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73 | Last stand of Jews at Masada. |
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132-135 | Bar Kokhba uprising against Rome. |
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c. 210 | Codification of Jewish oral law (Mishnah) completed. |
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313-636 | BYZANTINE RULE |
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c. 390 | Commentary on the Mishnah (Jerusalem Talmud) completed. |
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614 | Persian invasion |
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636-1099 | ARAB RULE |
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| 691 | On site of First and Second Temples in Jerusalem, Dome of the Rock built |
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1099-1291 | CRUSADER DOMINATION |
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1291-1516 | MAMLUK RULE |
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1517-1917 | OTTOMAN RULE |
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1564 | Code of Jewish law (Shulhan Arukh) published. |
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1860 | First neighborhood, Mishkenot Sha'ananim, built outside Jerusalem's walls. |
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1882-1903 | First Aliya (large-scale immigration), mainly from Russia. |
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1897 | First Zionist Congress convened in Basel, Switzerland; Zionist Organization founded. |
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1904-14 | Second Aliya, mainly from Russia and Poland. |
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1909 | First kibbutz, Degania, and first modern all-Jewish city, Tel Aviv, founded. |
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1917 | 400 years of Ottoman rule ended by British conquest; British Foreign Minister Balfour pledges support for establishment of a "Jewish national home in Palestine". |
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1918-48 | BRITISH RULE |
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1919-23 | Third Aliya, mainly from Russia |
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1920 | Histadrut (Jewish labor federation) and Haganah (Jewish defense organization) founded.
Vaad Leumi (National Council) set up by Jewish community (yishuv) to conduct its affairs. |
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1921 | First moshav, Nahalal, founded. |
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1922 | Britain granted Mandate for Palestine (Land of Israel) by League of Nations; Transjordan (later Jordan) set up on three-fourths of Palestine, leaving one-fourth of Palestine for the Jewish national home.
Jewish Agency representing Jewish community vis-a-vis Mandate authorities set up. |
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1924 | Technion, first institute of technology, founded in Haifa. |
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1924-32 | Fourth Aliya, mainly from Poland. |
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1925 | Hebrew University of Jerusalem opened on Mt. Scopus. |
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1929 | Hebron Jews massacred by Arab militants. |
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1931 | Etzel, Jewish underground organization, founded. |
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1933-39 | Fifth Aliya, mainly from Germany. |
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1936-39 | Anti-Jewish riots instigated by Arab militants. |
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1939 | Jewish immigration severely limited by British White Paper. |
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1939-45 | World War II; Holocaust in Europe. |
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1941 | Lehi underground movement formed; Palmach, strike force of Haganah, set up. |
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1944 | Jewish Brigade formed as part of British forces. |
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1947 | UN proposes the establishment of Arab and Jewish states in the Land. |
| 1948 | STATE OF ISRAEL |
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1948 | End of British Mandate (14 May)
State of Israel proclaimed (14 May).
Israel invaded by five Arab states (15 May)
War of Independence (May 1948-July 1949)
Israel Defense Forces (IDF) established |
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1949 | Armistice agreements signed with Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon.
Jerusalem divided under Israeli and Jordanian rule. |
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1948-52 | Mass immigration from Europe and Arab countries. |
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1956 | Sinai Campaign |
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1967 | Six-Day War, Jerusalem reunited. |
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1968-70 | Egypt's War of Attrition against Israel |
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1973 | Yom Kippur War |
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1975 | Israel becomes an associate member of the European Common Market. |
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1981 | Israel Air Force destroys Iraqi nuclear reactor just before it is to become operative. |
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1982 | Israel's three-stage withdrawal from Sinai completed.
Operation Peace for Galilee removes PLO terrorists from Lebanon. |
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1984 | Operation Moses, immigration of Jews from Ethiopia. |
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1985 | Free Trade Agreement signed with United States. |
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1987 | Widespread violence (intifada) starts in Israeli-administered areas. |
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1989 | Start of mass immigration of Jews from former Soviet Union. |
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1991 | Israel attacked by Iraqi Scud missiles during Gulf war.
Operation Solomon, airlift of Jews from Ethiopia. |
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1996 | Fundamentalist Arab terrorism against Israel escalates.
Operation Grapes of Wrath, retaliation for Hizbullah terrorists' attacks on northern Israel.
|
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1998 | Israel celebrates its 50th anniversary. |
