Rabbi Chaim Volozhin, also called Chaim ben Yitzchok of Volozhin or Chaim Ickovits, (1749 - 1821) was an Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist, and ethicist. Popularly known as Reb Chaim Volozhiner, or simply Reb Chaim. It was with the view of applying the methods of the Vilna Gaon that he founded the Volozhin yeshiva in 1803. This approach was followed by all the great Lithuanian yeshivas, such as Slobodka yeshiva, Mir yeshiva, Ponevezh yeshiva, Kelm yeshiva, Kletsk yeshiva, and Telz yeshiva.

Ben Ish Chai, Yosef Chaim of Bagdad (1832 – 1909) was a leading Chacham (Sephardic Rabbi), authority on Jewish law (Halakha) and Master Kabbalist. He is best known as author of the work on Halacha Ben Ish Chai ("Son of Man (who) Lives"), by which title he is also known. The Ben Ish Chai is a standard reference in Sephardi homes (functioning as "a Sephardi Kitzur Shulchan Arukh") and is widely studied in Sephardi yeshivot. The book is a collection of homilies he gave over two years discussing the weekly Torah portion. Each chapter begins with a mystical discussion, usually explaining how a Kabbalistic interpretation of a certain verse relates to a particular halakha, and then continuing to expound on that halakha with definitive rulings.

Chafetz Haim, Yisrael Meir Kagan Poupko (1838 - 1933) known popularly as The Chofetz Chaim was an influential Eastern European rabbi, Halakhist, posek, and ethicist whose works continue to be widely influential in Jewish life. Chafetz Chayim, Rabbi Kagan's first book, (published in 1873), deals with the Biblical laws of gossip and slander (known in Hebrew as Lashon Hara, meaning "Evil tongue"). Shmirat HaLashon ("Guarding [of] the Tongue"), is a comprehensive discussion of the philosophy behind the Jewish concepts of power of speech and guarding one's speech. It also serves as an inspirational work designed to motivate the reader to be vigilant in the ethical usage of his speech and avoidance of others' unethical speech. Published in 1876. Mishna Berura ("Clarified teachings") is an important and widely-used commentary, consisting of 6 volumes, on the Orach Chayim section of Rabbi Yosef Karo's digested compilation of practical Jewish Law, the Shulchan Aruch. It combines his own elucidations and differing opinions with those of other Aharonim (post-medieval authorities.) Beiur Halacha ("Explanation of the Law") is a commentary tangential to the Mishna Berurah. It usually provides complex analysis of the legal rulings of earlier Jewish legal decisors.

Rabbi Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz (1878 - 1953), popularly known by the name of his magnum opus Chazon Ish, was a Belarusian born Orthodox rabbi who became leader of Haredi Judaism in Israel, where his final 20 years, from 1933 to 1953, were spent. Holding no official position, the Chazon Ish nevertheless became a recognized worldwide authority on all matters relating to Jewish law and life. He was not appointed as communal leader, yet he exerted an enormous influence on the life and institutions of religious Jewry, especially in Israel. He did not publish many responsa, but became a supreme authority on halakha.

Rabbi Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman (1886-1969) was an Orthodox rabbi and rosh yeshiva of the Ponevezh yeshiva. He was a renowned Torah and Talmudic scholar. Rabbi Kahaneman emigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine in 1940 and built Kiryat Ha-Yeshiva ("Town of the Yeshiva") in Bnei Brak and Batei Avot orphanages. Rabbi Kahaneman succeeded in turning the Ponovezh yeshiva into one of the largest in the world. Rabbi Kahaneman was a distinguished member of the Council of Torah Sages of Agudath Israel, a man of deep piety and wit.

Rabbi Yisrael Abuhatzeira, known as the Baba Sali (1890-1984) was a leading Moroccan rabbi and kabbalist who was renowned for his alleged ability to work miracles through his prayers. He grew up in a home permeated with Torah study and holy behavior. His family lived on a large estate which included a yeshiva where young scholars studied night and day. The beit din (rabbinical court) of his father, Rabbi Masud, was also located on the premises. As a child, Yisrael was a diligent Torah scholar, studying day and night. After his bar mitzvah, he entered his family's yeshiva, where the students rose at midnight for Tikkun Chatzot and then studied Kabbalistic works until dawn, when they would go to the mikveh, pray the morning service, and eat breakfast. This was followed by in-depth Gemara study, the afternoon prayers, and a shiur in Shulchan Aruch. He was one of the leaders of the Aliyah of Moroccan Jewry to Israel, which saw the transfer of nearly the entire population of that community to the Holy Land. His burial place in Netivot, Israel, has become a shrine for prayers and petitioners.

Rav Zvi Yehuda Kook (1891 - 1982) was a rabbi, leader of Religious Zionism (usually associated with the Hardal movement in Israel) and Rosh Yeshiva of the Mercaz HaRav yeshiva. He was the son of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook. His teachings are partially responsible for the modern religious settlement movement in Judea and Samaria. He tried to strengthen the Chief Rabbinate, which he saw as the beginning of the future Sanhedrin. Rabbi Zvi Yehuda was a Zionist. He said that while there are many problems in the state, they are not a reason to stay out of the system. On the contrary, the problems are a reason to be active partners. He encouraged his student to service in the army, but he wanted the exceptional students to study and not go to army. Numerous Yeshivas in Israel claim to be following his teachings.

Rav Moshe Feinstein (1895 – 1986) was a Lithuanian Orthodox rabbi, scholar and posek (an authoritative adjudicator of questions related to Jewish law), who was world-renowned for his expertise in Halakha and was regarded by many as the de facto supreme rabbinic authority for Orthodox Jewry of North America. In the Orthodox world he is widely referred to simply as "Rav Moshe" or "Reb Moshe." He was president of the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada and chaired the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of Agudath Israel of America from the 1960s until his death. Rabbi Feinstein also took an active leadership role in Israel's Chinuch Atzmai. Rabbi Feinstein was revered by many as the Gadol Hador (greatest Torah sage of the generation), including by Rabbi Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky, Rabbi Yonasan Steif, Rabbi Elyah Lopian, Rabbi Aharon Kotler, Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetsky and Rabbi Yosef Shalom Elyashiv, even though several of them were far older than he. He was universally recognized as the preeminent Torah sage and Posek of his generation, and people from around the world called upon him to answer their most complicated Halachic questions.

Rav Elazar Menachem Man Shach (1899 - 2001) was a leading Eastern European born and educated Haredi rabbi who settled and lived in modern Israel. He joined Rabbi Shmuel Rozovsky as a rosh yeshiva ("dean") of the Ponevezh yeshiva in Bnei Brak, one of the pre-eminent yeshivos of Lithuanian Jewry. The two were later joined by a third Rosh Yeshiva, Rabbi Dovid Povarsky. Years later, Shach founded the Degel HaTorah political party representing Lithuanian Ashkenazi Jews in the Israeli Knesset, many of whom considered him to be the Gadol HaDor ("great one of the generation") and used the honorific Maran ("[our] master") when referring to him.

Rabbi Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky, known as The Steipler or The Steipler Gaon (1899–1985), was a rabbi, Talmudic scholar, and posek ("decisor" of Jewish law). Around the age of 11, Kanievsky entered the Novardok yeshiva. Having progressed rapidly and gained a reputation as a Talmid Chacham, around the age of 19 he was sent to set up a branch of the yeshiva in Rogochov. In 1925, Kanievsky published his first sefer ("work"), Shaarei Tevunah ("gates of understanding"). In 1934, he relocated to Bnei Brak in the British Mandate of Palestine, where his brother-in-law Rabbi Karelitz had already been living for a year and a half. For many years he was head of two yeshivas there. Though known as a world-class scholar, Rabbi Kanievsky shunned publicity and lived in humble surroundings, teaching, writing and devoting himself to Torah and good deeds.

Rabbi Yitzchak Kaduri (1900 - 2006) was a renowned Mizrahi Haredi rabbi and kabbalist who devoted his life to Torah study and prayer on behalf of the Jewish people. Born in Bagdad where he was a student of the Ben Ish Chai. Moved to the Land of Israel in 1923. He later immersed himself in regular Talmudic study and rabbinical law in the Porat Yosef Yeshiva in Jerusalem's Old City, where he also studied Kabbalah with the Rosh Yeshivah, Rabbi Ezra Attiya. Rabbi Kaduri went on to study at the Kabbalists' Beit El Yeshiva (Yeshivat HaMekubalim) in Jerusalem. He knew all the writings of Rabbi Yitzhak Luria, the founder of modern Kabbalah, by heart. After the passing of the leading kabbalist, Rabbi Efraim Hakohen, in 1989, the remaining kabbalists appointed Rabbi Kaduri as their head. Rabbi Kaduri lived a life of poverty and simplicity. He ate little, spoke little, and prayed each month at the gravesites of tzaddikim in Israel.

Rabbi Yosef Shalom Elyashiv (born April 10, 1910) is a Haredi rabbi and posek (arbiter of Jewish law) who lives in Jerusalem, Israel. At the age of 100, Elyashiv is active and remains the paramount leader of both Israel and the Diaspora Lithuanian-Haredi community, Ashkenazi Jews many of whom regard him as the posek ha-dor, the contemporary leading authority on halakha, or Jewish law. Rabbi Elyashiv spends most of his days engaged in Talmudical study, and delivers lectures in Talmud and Shulchan Aruch at a local synagogue in the Meah Shearim area in Jerusalem where he lives. He receives supplicants from all over the world and answers complex Halakhic inquiries.

Rabbi Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman, (born 1912), is a prominent Haredi rabbi currently living in Bnei Brak, Israel. He heads a division of the famed Ponevezh Yeshiva (rosh yeshiva of Ponovezh Litze'irim). He was formerly the Rosh Kollel of the Ponevezh Kollel. He is a backer of the Kupat Hair charitable organization. Along with Rabbi Yosef Sholom Elyashiv, Shteinman is a leader of the Haredi Degel HaTorah political party. He therefore exerts much political power in the United Torah Judaism (UTJ) political coalition. UTJ is an alliance of Degel HaTorah and the Agudat Israel party.

Rav Ben Zion Abba Shaul (1924 – 1998) was one of the leading Sephardic Torah scholars and halakhic arbiters of his day, and the Rosh Yeshiva of Porat Yosef Yeshiva in Jerusalem for the last 15 years of his life. He was responsible for a religious revival among Sephardic Jews with his founding of Maayan Hachinuch HaTorani, a network of Torah schools for Sephardic children in Israel. At the age of 11, Abba Shaul entered Porat Yosef, the pre-eminent Sephardic yeshiva in Jerusalem. His first teacher was Rabbi Yehuda Tzadka and his classmates included the future Chief Rabbi of Israel, Rabbi Ovadiah Yosef. Later, Abba Shaul advanced to the highest shiur, taught by the rosh yeshiva, Rabbi Ezra Attiya, with whom he developed a close bond. In 1983, Abba Shaul acceded to the position of rosh yeshiva of Porat Yosef.